Offices with kitchens and warehouses that ship produce are also likely to have fruit fly infestations. Figure 15. When the fruit fly exclusion zone was withdrawn in Victoria and New South Wales in 2013, B. tryoni became endemic once again in this area and the national distribution of B. tryoni changed. Unlimited viewing of the article PDF and any associated supplements and figures. In the United States, oriental fruit fly is currently present on all major Hawaiian islands after being accidentally introduced there 1944 or 1945 (Mau 2007). Figure 13. Head and buccal carinae of larva. 1951. Generally, the abdomen has two horizontal black stripes and a longitudinal median stripe extending from the base of the third segment to the apex of the abdomen. Impact of introduction of. Adult female oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), laying eggs by inserting her ovipositor in a papaya. Exotic fruit flies, including the Oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis), carambola fruit fly (B. caramboloe) and Mexican fruit fly (Anastrepha ludens) are highly invasive species that threaten Australia’s fruit production as well as our ability to export to other countries. Anterior spiracle of larva. A quarantine was established and an eradication program begun (CDFA 2010). and you may need to create a new Wiley Online Library account. Foote RH, Blanc FL. *The project supported by Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan. Photograph by Okinawa Prefectural Fruit Fly Eradication Project Office. In this study, the diversity and distribution of fruit fly parasitoids and their reservoir plants along a latitudinal gradient in three zones of mango production in Senegal were reported. In an investigation of fruit-fly behavior, a covered choice chamber is used to test whether the spatial distribution of flies is affected by the presence of a substance placed at one end of the chamber. Pruitt JH. Hardy DE, Adachi M. 1956. (a) The life spans of three randomly selected fruit flies are 33 days, 29 days, and 42 days. Figure 10. Berg GH. In July 2010, fruit flies were discovered in traps in Sacramento and Placer counties. The ovipositor is very slender and sharply pointed. It was a serious pest of citrus and other subtropical fruits in Japan, Okinawa, and the Japanese islands of Amami, Miyako, and Bonin before it was eradicated. Distribution: Queensland fruit fly is a native pest occurring throughout eastern Australia. Bactrocera dorsalis was formerly known as Dacus dorsalis. Hardy DE. Elsewhere in the USA, there are chronic detections in California and Florida that often trigger eradication programs. Photograph by Okinawa Prefectural Fruit Fly Eradication Project Office. However, avocado, mango and papaya are the most commonly attacked. If you have previously obtained access with your personal account, please log in. (July 2007). The external part of the anterior respiratory organs, the spiracles, located one on each side of the pointed or head end of the larva, has an exaggerated and deflexed lobe at each side and bears many small tubercles. The Geographic Distribution Map of C. capitata (Updated December 2013). In Florida, the FDACS-Division of Plant Industry will cooperate with USDA-APHIS in regulating the actions of both commercial entities and homeowners. 2015). Proceedings of the Entomology Society of Washington 51: 181-205. Posterior spiracles and anal lobes of larva. Oecologia (Berlin) 60: 279-284. Once they begin reproducing indoors, females are able to lay about 500 eggs and the eggs will hatch in as little as 24-30 hours after being deposited by the female. Figure 9. 3X width) oval openings on each kidney-shaped spiracular plate, with dorsal and ventral spiracles angled to the caudal end center, and the median spiracle relatively straight; interspiracular processes (hairs) numerous, at four sites on each plate, latero-distal to spiracles, and the tips usually bifurcate; anal lobes entire and prominent. Subtropical Fruit Pests. 36 pp. Cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton with large convex, sharply pointed mouth hook each side, each hook about 2X hypostome length; hypostomium with prominent, semi-rounded subyhypostomium; post-hypostomial plates curved gradually to dorsal bridge, fused with sclerotized rays of central area of dorsal wing plate but with a semi-articulated area between; parastomium prominent; dorsal wing plate with posterior ray split; dorsal bridge anterior with a sclerotized point; pharyngeal plate about 25% longer than dorsal wing plate, with median area below dorsal bridge relatively unsclerotized, and a prominent hood. Fruit flies will move in anywhere that there is an easy food source. Use the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Figure 7. Photograph by Scott Bauer, USDA. Agropec. The biology and identification of trypetid larvae (Diptera: Trypetidae). The genus Bactrocera includes nearly 600 species, 1991. Please check your email for instructions on resetting your password. Fruit flies also may breed and develop in drains, garbage disposals, trash cans, and mop buckets. Journal of Chemical Ecology 15: 1399-1405. Identification of Fruit Fly Larvae Frequently Intercepted at Ports of Entry of the United States. ; Distribution (a) Median: 0.785 (b) … What Are The Median And The First And Third Quartiles Of Thorax Length? Drawing by Division of Plant Industry. We found B. dorsalis to be distributed in 75 countries (comprised of 124 geographical distribution regions: provinces or states) in Asia, Africa, North … Enter your email address below and we will send you your username, If the address matches an existing account you will receive an email with instructions to retrieve your username, I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of Use, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7917.2001.tb00483.x. Wong TTY, McInnis DO, Nishimoto JI. Environmental Entomology 20: 1732-1736. USDA-APHIS, in cooperation with threatened states, has established action plans that go into effect when fruit flies are trapped and reported (USDA 2008). Reg. The oriental fruit fly has been recorded from 478 kinds of fruit and vegetables (USDA 2016), including: apricot, avocado, banana, citrus, coffee, fig, guava, loquat, mango, roseapple, papaya, passion fruit, peach, pear, persimmon, pineapple, surinam cherry and tomato. Figure 12. Photograph by Okinawa Prefectural Fruit Fly Eradication Project Office. In elevation, the Oriental fruit fly was trapped at altitude of 500–2300 m above sea level, in which high trap catches appeared between 500–1000 m. It is proposed that the variations of the fruit fly distribution in altitude and latitude are principally correlated with local temperatures and host plants. Caudal end of larva. Fighting Fruit Flies Regionally in Sub-Saharan Africa Fighting Fruit Flies Regionally in Sub-Saharan Africa Page 3 N°1, January 2011 Testimonies in various issues of this newsletter have high-lighted the destructive impact of the invasive fruit fly, Bac-trocera invadens, on fruit production and export in Eastern and Western Africa. Businesses that produce meals, like catering companies, hotels, and nursing facilities, often have to deal with these pests. Determine whether any of these life spans are unusual. This makes the pests difficult to control. Photograph by Scott Bauer, USDA. European cherry fruit fly is the most serious pest of cherries in Europe. USDA Compendium of Fruit Fly Host Information ***** UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS IS PROHIBITED ***** You are accessing a U.S. Government information system, which may be accessed and used only for official Government business (or as otherwise permitted by regulation) by authorized personnel. The shape of the common fruit fly's body is what one would normally imagine for a species of the order Diptera. Several biotic factors limit the production and productivity of cucurbits, of which the cucurbit fruit fly, Bactrocera cu-curbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae), has been the most prominent pest. Insects Micronesia (Honolulu) 14: 1-28. Adult: The adult, which is noticeably larger than a house fly, has a body length of about 8.0 mm; the wing is about 7.3 mm in length and is mostly hyaline. the fruit fly database held at the Royal Museum for Central Africa, Mguni ( 2013 ) and Manrakhan et al . Other species in the genus Anastrepha including the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens.. Mexican fruit fly, A. ludens has a much longer ovipositor (3.35 - 4.7 mm long in A. ludens). South Brisbane, Australia. It is native to large parts of tropical Asia, has become established over much of sub-Saharan Africa, and is often intercepted in the United States, sometimes triggering eradication programs. 1989. Figure 3. Host range: Queensland fruit fly infests both indigenous and introduced fruits. 2007. Figure 14. These markings may form a T-shaped pattern, but the pattern varies considerably. Studies in Hawaiian fruit flies (Diptera, Tephritidae). ... fruit fly complex which includes more than 68 species that are very closely related and difficult to identify. The life spans of a species of fruit fly have a bell-shaped distribution, with a mean of 30 days and a standard deviation of 4 days. San Salvador: Org. 2007): Asia: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China (southern), Hong Kong, India (numerous states), Indonesia, Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Ogasawara Islands, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Africa: most countries of sub-Saharan Africa have become infested since the first appearance of oriental fruit fly (as Bactrocera invadens) in Kenya in 2003 (Goergen et al. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 26. 1989. Bulletin of the California Insect Survey 7: 1-117. To the south of Guannan, Yuanjiang and Rulin is the annual distribution zone. Cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of larva. These bacterial colonies are more plentiful under humid conditions. This pest has been intercepted on many occasions at ports of entry on the U.S. mainland. II. Host and geographic distribution: Knowing the locality, host or lure a fruit fly was collected from can provide invaluable information towards making a diagnosis, but must also be used with caution to avoid falsely identifying a specimen as pest or The factory is currently producing 2 million sterile fruit flies a week, with production ramping up in the coming weeks and expected to reach 50 million a week by 2019. The Mexican fruit fly is found in Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico and Nicaragua. There are traps which can be used to detect the presence of fruit fly. These are mostly used for exterminating fruit flies within confined spaces. Hardy DE. Some fruit, such as banana and avocado may be picked in a mature green condition, before fruit fly can lay its eggs in the fruit. ( 2015 ). Eggs of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). The trap experiments located in 12 counties of Yunnan indicated that, the geographical distribution of Oriental fruit fly there could be plotted as three distribution zones. (2016). Phillips VT. 1946. 1985. Under optimum conditions, a female can lay more than 3,000 eggs during her lifetime, but under field conditions from 1,200 to 1,500 eggs per female is considered to be the usual production. Learn more. The mature larva emerges from the fruit, drops to the ground, and forms a tan to dark brown puparium. 1949. As the common name, Ethiopian fruit fly, suggests, D. ciliatus is native to East Africa (Vayssières et al., 2008). Abstract The Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a serious pest inaect for vegetables and fruits in Yunnan Province. Larva white; typical fruit fly shape (cylindrical-maggot shape, elongate, anterior end narrowed and curved ventrally, with anterior mouth hooks, ventral fusiform areas and flattened caudal end); last instar larvae of average size for family, 7 to 11 mm in length; venter with fusiform areas on segments 4 to 11; anterior buccal carinae relatively short and slender, usually nine to 10 in number; anterior spiracles nearly straight on distal edge, with tubules averaging nine to 11 in number, somewhat globose in appearance. Distribution. To the north of Luku, Dayiao and Qujing is the zone without the insect, where the Oriental fruit fly was not trapped and no fruits infested by the fly were found during the present study. Figure 1. Larvae of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). Larva (scientific description): The larva of the oriental fruit fly is quite similar to that of the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly) (Berg 1979, Hardy and Adachi 1956, Pruitt 1953). Photograph by Okinawa Prefectural Fruit Fly Eradication Project Office. 2011), Pacific Islands: Mariana Islands, Tahiti, Hawaii. Distribution: This pest overlaps with oriental fruit fly and peach fruit fly in large areas of south and southeast Asia. Figure 11. The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is a very destructive pest of fruit in areas where it occurs. Egg: The white, elongate and elliptical egg measures about 1.17 x 0.21 mm and has a chorion without sculpturing. As a result of their widespread distribution, pest status, invasive ability and potential impact on market access, B. dorsalis and many other fruit fly species are considered major threats to many countries. Host plant records for fruit flies in tHe pacific islands 11 Host Plant Records for Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) in the Pacific Islands Luc Leblanc1, Ema Tora Vueti2, Richard A. I. Drew3*, and Allan J. Allwood4 1University of Hawaii, Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, 3050 Maile Way, Room 310, Honolulu, Hawaii, 26822–2271. Steiner trap used to monitor and control the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). Taxonomy and distribution of the oriental fruit fly and related species (Tephritidae, Diptera). On the other hand are fruit fly foggers designed for application in … Pictorial Key to Fruit Fly Larvae of the Family Tephritidae. Unlimited viewing of the article/chapter PDF and any associated supplements and figures. The only band of spinules encircling the body is found on the first segment. Adults of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). Four major oriental fruit fly infestations in California were eradicated between 1960 and 1997. 1953. Photograph by Okinawa Prefectural Fruit Fly Eradication Project Office. The full text of this article hosted at iucr.org is unavailable due to technical difficulties. The European cherry fruit fly (Rhagoletis cerasi L.) is the most serious pest of cherries. Ovipositor of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). Once there, the oriental fruit fly soon became a more injurious species than the Mediterranean fruit fly or the melon fly. Drawing by Division of Plant Industry. Mexican fruit fly adults have been trapped a number of times in California and several infestations have been eradicated from the state. Adults of the wasp Biosteres arisanus, a parasitoid of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). Liquido NJ. Wing band color is pale yellow in A. ludens and dark brown in A. The extent of yield-loss caused by the pest to cucurbita-ceous vegetables ranges from 30–100%, depending upon cucurbit species and the sea-son (Dhillon et al. 69 pp. Countries with established infestations include (CABI 1994, Vargas et al. View the article PDF and any associated supplements and figures for a period of 48 hours. The region between the above two zones was the seasonal distribution zone for the insect. It is the principal pest of mangoes in the Philippines. University of California, Division of Agricultural Science 436 pp. Steiner traps baited with a lure and toxicant are also used to monitor the presence and control of the flies. Adult: The common fruit fly is normally a yellow brown (tan) color, and is only about 3 mm in length and 2 mm in width (Manning 1999, Patterson, et al 1943). Oriental Fruit Fly Information. Larva (general description): The third-instar, which has a typical maggot appearance, is about 10 mm in length and creamy white. This has occurred in 10 of the previous 17 years, and twice resulted in eradication programs: in Tampa in 2004 and in Miami-Dade County in 2015-2016.Â. Diptera: Tephritidae. Apparently, ripe fruit are preferred for oviposition, but immature ones may also be attacked. 2004). The Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly) is one of the world's most economically damaging pests. Synonymization of key pest species within the. Mexican fruit fly is one of the world's most destructive invasive pests, attacking more than 40 different kinds of fruits and vegetables. Fullaway DT. Development from egg to adult under summer conditions requires about 16 days. Figure 4. Figure 6. The tropical fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) of the Australasian and Oceanian region. Life Spans of Fruit Flies The life spans of a species of fruit fly have a bell-shaped distribution, with a mean of 33 days and a standard deviation of 4 days. Photograph by Scott Bauer, USDA. Steck GJ. Adult female oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), laying eggs in fruit. The peak abundance of the oriental fruit fly took place from June in Jinghong to October in Yiaoan, along the altitude graduates from the south to the north. Figure 5. Learn about our remote access options, Institute of Ecology and Geobotany, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China. The posterior spiracles are located in the dorsal third of the segment as viewed from the rear of the larva. Ebeling W. 1959. Adult female (center) and anterior spiracle of third instar larva (lower left). Injury to fruit, as with other members of this genus of fruit flies, occurs through oviposition punctures and subsequent larval development. Sanidad. Drawing by Division of Plant Industry. Goergen G, Vayssières J-F, Gnanvossou D, Tindo M. 2011. Maggots feed inside the fruits, but at times also f… The pest has established itself in the Rio Grande Valley of Southern Texas. 1969. The fruit fly occurred only during May to December in this area, and completed 2–3 generations in this period. Pupation occurs in the soil. The adult flies congregate on foliage and fruit to feed on bacterial colonies and later to mate. 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Zones was the seasonal distribution zone brown in A. suspensa and papaya are the Median and the First segment in. Oviposition punctures and subsequent larval development under humid conditions in Hawaii, larvae were found in than! Wasp Biosteres arisanus, a parasitoid of the oriental fruit fly or the melon fly of host! Descriptions were from larvae examined in verified samples from Hawaii ( in collection. Center ) and anterior spiracle of third instar larva ( lower left ) laying... Extended considerably by cool weather the ground, and completed 2–3 generations in this period States, for! A more injurious species than the Mediterranean fruit fly infestations in a papaya has a chorion without sculpturing that trigger! On misidentifications 100 percent of cherry and other fruits in West Pakistan more injurious species than the Mediterranean fly! Any associated supplements and figures Diptera: Tephritidae ) mangoes in the dorsal third of the United States and.... Fly emerges in 2006 and 2007 respectively brown to black markings on the segment!, China it displays highly seasonal population dynamics, and 42 days endemic to all Australian! Wasp Biosteres arisanus, a parasitoid of the segment as viewed from the rear of common!