Q 34. Notes. On November 11, 1942, Congress approves lowering the draft age to 18 and raising the upper limit to age 37. Some officials went on to say that “the new system will bring order into a somewhat helter-skelter system of draft deferments for married men,” according to the Wall Street Journal. Clergymen, teachers and some classes of industrial worker were not required to join. [8] Duffield, Eugene S. “All Married Men Deferred Until Further Notice, Local Boards Are Told.” The Wall Street Journal, June 13, 1942, p. 1. The World War II draft operated from 1940 until 1946 when further inductions were suspended, and its legislative authorization expired without further extension by Congress in 1947. If both a farmer and his son lived on the farm together, 16 animal units were required for the man to obtain deferment. Those With Wives In Jobs Still a Problem.” The Wall Street Journal, June 16, 1942, p. 1. He had tried to join the Navy in 1930 but was denied entry due to his eye. Veterans, generally exempt from service in peacetime draft. The studio interceded and requested his exemption from the service “in support of national interest.” After some time, the actor was again classed as 1-A, but the studio intervened once more and had him re-classified as 2-A. From Library of Congress. Although President Jimmy Carter lifted the suspension of mandator… Duffield, Eugene S. “Classifying Married Men in I-A. It had less than 200,000 men in uniform, and some of them were wearing doughboy helmets from World War I and carrying guns that dated back almost to the turn-of-the-century Spanish American War. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts, http://civilianpublicservice.org/storybegins/krehbiel/bibliography. By October 1943, the Selective Service was falling behind on its inductions (200,000 men per month) partially due to the refusal to draft these men. When first proposed in 1940, pre-war conscription was extremely controversial. During WWII, men "necessary to farm labor", "necessary to national defense", and "necessary in their civilian activity" were classified under the deferments II-A, II-B, and II-C, respectively, and not drafted. In September 1940, Congress, by wide margins in both AskBug. Immigrants and dual nationals in some cases may be exempt from U.S. military service depending upon their place of residence and country of citizenship. Exemptions from service were granted to men who had dependent families, indispensable duties … It was always my understanding that he was drafted. My grandfather was 29 yo married with two kids in December of 1941. By July 20, Wilson would enact a military draft lottery. Draft Authorization: Congress and the President. The modern Selective Service system was established to raise an army to fight in Europe during World War I. John Wayne, World War II and the Draft" John Wayne has been on people’s minds lately. Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered by WordPress. The U.S. officially entered World War II on 8 December 1941 following an attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. This was the case of 10 million of the 16 million draft registrants for the 1940 peacetime draft (all men aged 21-35) With US entry into WWII, the situation changed. Led by attorney Grenville Clark, the Military Training Camps Association (MTCA) started a lobbying campaign for compulsory military service in May. Can you tell me about college deferments? The Selective Service administratively eliminated the III-A classification on October 1, 1943 and began to draft fathers whose children were born before Pearl Harbor. The push for draft legislation came from a small group of leaders that had been in the pre-World War I"Preparedness" movement. In the summer of 1945 he was contacted by his local draft board and ordered to report for induction immediately. Duffield, Eugene S. “Automatic Deferment Of Married Men to Be Effective in Few Days.” The Wall Street Journal, June 19, 1942, p. 1. The draft was dissolved after World War I. - persons in the military or naval service of the United States (officers & enlisted men) - alien enemies. As Garry Wills tells the story in his book John Wayne’s America: The Politics of Celebrity (1997), the Duke faced a tough choice at the outset of World War II. 2 Despite constituting one of the largest ethnic groups in the U.S. Armed Forces during World War II, the experiences of Italian-Americans have received scant attention by historians. This helps. The Selective Service Act of 1917 or Selective Draft Act (Pub.L. Just about a year before that, in October 1940, President Roosevelt had signed into law the first peacetime selective service draft in U.S. history, due to rising world conflicts. Connect with: Register or Login. I can't seem to find any good information through using search. After only a brief reprieve at the end of World War II, the draft was quickly reinstated, thanks to the nascent Cold War. War was looming, and the US would not be caught as unprepared as it had been for World War I. "Fathers" in this particular case demonstrated by Tuttle include those whose children were conceived when their fathers were on leave. The Selective Service administratively eliminated the III-A classification on October 1, 1943 and began to draft fathers … Some guidelines for deferment for farmers were: 1. In the UK, the draft was introduced on two occasions, during World War One and World War Two, while the US kept the draft until 1973. Memorandum Deputy Director Selective Service to State Selective Service Directors, March 15, 1941. Married men who have already been officially inducted into the armed forces will also be ineligible for a deferment. Was there a draft in Japan during World War 2? This article originally appeared in the December 2007 issue of the magazime. Congress has issued revisions to the Selective Service Act to permit all married men deferment from Class I-A draft classification for military service until further notice. I'm pretty sure they wouldn't have volunteered. Even in the most essential activities there was the issue of replaceability. John Wayne, World War II and the Draft" John Wayne has been on people’s minds lately. The American Civil War was fought from 1861 to 1865. After the war, most of the hired hands didn't return to the farm. Marines’ heroism and tragedy on the big screen, U.S. ships torpedoed by enemy submarine off Virginia. Upon reporting to the board he showed them the paperwork that the Navy had given him 15 years before stating that he was unfit for service. World War 2.0 tries to imagine what the reporting of World War II might have looked like if the conflict were taking place today. D-Day Records at the National Archives ; Draft Records. 65–12, 40 Stat. Selective Service officials expressed surprise that news of this draft amendment has not gotten much publicity, considering it will affect 18 million men, wives, children and other dependents. Exemption or discharge from draft; including: - ordained ministers. ... World War 2… By V-J Day, of the 6.2 million men aged 18-37 classified fathers, 20 percent had been inducted. As the war progressed many women, as well as men unfit for combat, were trained to take essential jobs held by draftable men, releasing those men for service. Correspondence re mariners draft exemption during World War II. ... World War 2… Los Angeles Blackout Shrouded in Confusion. Two books that discuss the Civil War draft in the North are: Eugene C. Murdock, Patriotism Limited, 1862-1865: The Civil War Draft and the Bounty System1967); and Eugene C. Murdock, One Million Men: The Civil War Draft in the North1971). Thanks, a lot. A farmer who resided on his farm and operated it alone was required to have at least eight milk cows. Dear Ms. Farmer, Thank you for posting your request on History Hub! On November 11, 1942, Congress approves lowering the draft age to 18 and raising the upper limit to age 37. The purpose of this draft amendment, according to Sen. Lee and other officials, is to make sure that the families are “left intact as long as possible and that financial dependency is not the controlling point so much as the status of a man as the family,” Lee said. For family historians, “The Old Man’s Draft” is important because it is the only complete World War II draft registration available online. Draft violations of the weekend’s arrests included failure to register, failure to report for induction, failure to report for physical examinations, failure to return questionnaires, failure to notify the Draft Board of change in address, and failure to carry proper classification or registration cards. Resisting the Draft during the Vietnam War (Viking, 1991). Twenty-four million men who were born between 13 September 1873 and 12 September 1900 (between the ages of 18 and 45) registered with with the Selective Service.The registration cards for all of the states and territories have been microfilmed in National Archive Microfilm Publication M1509 World War I Selective Service System Draft Registration … The current version of the draft was also used during World War I, World War II, the Korean War and the Vietnam War. These roles were described as ‘Scheduled (or reserved) Occupations’ and included coal miners, doctors, and those working in the iron and steel industries which produced vital ammunition and equipment for the war. To dispel fears that this new deferment law will cause a personnel shortage in the military, Sen. Warren Austin of Vermont and Sen. Elbert D. Thomas of Utah stated that the “present pools of single men or men without dependents should meet all manpower demands of the fighting forces through this year and well into 1943.”. A clean and minimal question and answer theme for WordPress and AnsPress. String of Defeats Has Americans Asking: Could We Lose? The draft ended in 1973 following U.S. withdrawal from Vietnam, and mandatory Selective Service registration ended in 1975. - resident aliens. So, in my family history research, I've been a little disappointed to not find any soldiers & sailors who served our country in times of war--not WWII, WWI, or The Civil War. America had been victorious in its wars leading up to World War II, but now its military barely ranked in the world’s top 20. Was there a draft in Japan during World War 2? Connect with: Register or Login. Return to text. This bill will officially be in effect in the next four months. Civil War draft or enrollment records are discussed in: Meier, Michael T. "Genealogy Notes: Civil War Draft Records: Exemptions and Enrollments," Prologue, Quarterly of the National Archives 26:1 (Spring 1994) FHL 973 B2p. Required fields are marked *. Whether the wives and/or children of married men obtain their financial support from them will no longer affect a man’s draft classification. Posted by Dominique McIndoe | Jun 26, 1942 | Congress, The home front | 1 |. These roles were described as ‘Scheduled (or reserved) Occupations’ and included coal miners, doctors, and those working in the iron and steel industries which produced vital ammunition and equipment for the war. Allen Nevins and Milton Halsey Thomas (1952), p. 479. Under the new Selective Service policy, married men still have the choice of voluntarily entering the service. If a registration card is available for your ancestor, it can help you verify where your ancestor was in a specific place and time. 3. Notable examples of those receiving student deferments include Bill Clinton (1 deferment), Joe Biden (5 deferments), and Dick Cheney (5 deferments). Such was the hype surrounding registration for the nation’s first-ever effort to mobilize its military during peacetime. Two books that discuss the Civil War draft in the North are: Eugene C. Murdock, Patriotism Limited, 1862-1865: The Civil War Draft and the Bounty System1967); and Eugene C. Murdock, One Million Men: The Civil War Draft in the North1971). However, with the direction of the war still unclear, the deferment period has been declared indefinite by the Senate Military Affairs Committee. The authors are all students at Seton Hall University, working with assistant professor of journalism Matthew Pressman. Answer: It extends to July 1, 1971, the same basic draft system that Congress adopted in 1940 on the eve of World War II.Local boards remain in full control. Clergymen, teachers and some classes of industrial worker were not required to join. A national emergency, exceeding the Department of Defense’s capability to recruit and retain its total force strength, requires Congress to amend the Military Selective Service Act to authorize the President to induct personnel into the Armed Forces. Until the legislation is officially approved and put into effect by the president, local draft boards are proceeding with the classification of married men with no financial dependencies into Class I-A. As the war carries on, if or when the pool of single men runs out, married men will begin to be drafted according to their family responsibilities. However, some men were exempted from the draft. This would be one of the biggest changes to the Selective Service Act since its passage in 1940. L. 733. Re differences between US and UK conscription: Stan Mapstone <***@aol.com> posted July 25 in Newsgroups: soc.genealogy.britain. On June 20, 1940, Senator Ed Burke (D., NE) introduced a modified version of the MCTA bill in the Senate with Congressman James Wadsworth (R., … Canada struggles to enlist more soldiers as causalities mount during the First World War ... registered for the draft. By the early summer of 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt asked the U.S. Congress to extend the term of duty for the draftees beyond twelve months to a total of thirty months, plus any additional time that he could deem necessary for national security. L. 733. soc.history.war.world-war-ii . Overview of What Would Occur if the United States Returned to a Draft: 1. Duffield, Eugene S. “All Married Men May Get Six Months Deferment: ‘Family Tie’ Recognized.” The Wall Street Journal, June 11, 1942, p. 1. Certain elected officials, exempt so long as they continue to hold office. ; Memes overtook Twitter, Instagram, Reddit, and TikTok, but were soon met with counter-arguments about why war isn't funny, especially since the lives of civilians in the Middle East are at risk. Considering that everything I know about the WWII draft comes from the movie "It's a Wonderful Life" I'd hoped some of you history buffs or WWII experts might know more. On August 12, the United States House of Representatives approved the extension by a single vote; Roosevelt's former Secretary of War Harry Woodringwas amon… Post-War Draft. Makes me think I am on the right track. Research Starters: The Draft and World War II. Morgan, Ted. "Daddy's Gone to War:" The Second World War in the Lives of America's Children, by William M. Tuttle, Jr. If the sole male adult were to become unable to support the family, the oldest family member could be discharged to return to civilian life. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Sources said that this deferment for married men could last for six months or more. Research Starters: The Draft and World War II. “Say Family Heads Do Not Face Draft.” The New York Times, June 15, 1942, p. 21. A new Selective Service Act was passed after the War (1948). After maintaining neutrality for three years, the United States entered World War I on April 6, 1917. He was given a deferment for this situation as well as the fact that the vision in his left eye was weak. 2 George Templeton Strong, The Diary of George Templeton Strong, ed. Go to college. World War II Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard Casualties, 1941-1945 World War II Japanese-American Internment Camp Documents, 1942-1946 WWII U.S. Navy Aircraft Carrier Muster Rolls, 1939-1949 U.S. WWII Military Personnel Missing In Action or Lost At Sea, 1941-1946. “We want the unmarried men taken first,” Democrat Sen. Joshua B. Lee of Oklahoma said. However, some men were exempted from the draft. I'm doing this for a reasearch assignment and am wondering if anyone might know any of the reason one could become exempt from the Vietnam War. The draft exemptions in the South put the significant burden for fighting the war on working people and poor farmers. Learn more here. There were three main registrations in World War I. Wayne also claimed that the studio owner, Peter Yates, had threatened him with a lawsuit if he breached the contract. Draft Records [edit | edit source]. World War II Draft Cards. Congress passed the first military conscription act in 1863 during the Civil War, allowing President Abraham Lincoln to draft men between the ages of 20 - 45. Currently, the minimum draft age is 21. After a US airstrike in Iraq killed a top Iranian general, people flooded the internet with memes about the possibility of World War III, with many joking about how to avoid a potential draft. Congress has issued revisions to the Selective Service Act to permit all married men deferment from Class I-A draft classification for military service until further notice. Questions; What were the exemptions from the draft in World War 2? Official Correspondence Outlining Exemption of Merchant Marine Personnel from the Selective Service Act (Draft) During World War II. Cecil replies: John Wayne, draft dodger? All men from 21 to 30 years of age (later extended 18 to 45), inclusive, had to register. When did the draft in world war 2 end? Men with only a wife and no children will be the first in the married-men group to be reclassified to ready-for-war Class I-A status, then men with a wife and only one child, and so forth. Paul V. McNutt, (FSA) Federal Security Administrator and recently-appointed chairman of the Manpower Commission, registers under the Selective Service Act. To dodge the Civil War draft, people could pay a less wealthy person to take their place in the draft, pay a crooked doctor to give them a bad health exam, or outright bribe draft officials. What were the draft exemptions for the Vietnam war? On 27th April 1939, Parliament passed the Military Training Act. Learn how your comment data is processed. By October 1943, the Selective Service was falling behind on its inductions (200,000 men per month) partially due to the refusal to draft these men. The Draft and WWII. This was the first peacetime draft in United States' history. You may also want to check the Selective Service System website at https://www.sss.gov/ for how the draft works today, and what has changed since Vietnam. The first, on 5 June 1917, was 76, enacted May 18, 1917) authorized the United States federal government to raise a national army for service in World War I through conscription.It was envisioned in December 1916 and brought to President Woodrow Wilson's attention shortly after the break in relations with Germany in February 1917. Allen Nevins and Milton Halsey Thomas (1952), p. 479. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Your email address will not be published. The draft was conducted on April 27, 1942. “This is recognizing, in a legislative way, that the family is the fundamental unit of organized society.”. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast, Press J to jump to the feed. By far the largest numbers of men drafted through the Selective Service more than 10 million served in World War II. 1. Initially, fathers or more broadly, men with dependents (this includes sole heads of households, in the case that the mother was not available) were classified as III-A, "men with dependents, not engaged in work essential to national defense" and were not drafted. For the married servicemen who are already in combat and cannot benefit from the new deferment policy, the Allotment and Allowances Bill within the Selective Service Act would provide financial assistance for their families and dependents. Official Correspondence Outlining Exemption of Merchant Marine Personnel from the Selective Service Act (Draft) During World War II. However, the war ended before he was shipped off. Black, Conrad. AskBug. A clean and minimal question and answer theme for WordPress and AnsPress. issuing exemptions for certain draftee family situations. In 1948, in order to safeguard the only remaining sons of families that had lost other children during World War II, the United States passed a law that exempted sole surviving sons from the draft. Oh, what delicious (if cheap) irony! I keep reading that farmers were generally deferred in all three wars, but I know that farmer relatives of mine went to all three. San Diego Union (San Diego, California), 28 April 1942, page 2. As a rule, Fascism is associated with dictatorship or a strict hierarchical, authoritarian structure where the state gets total control. Within the next week, the new draft deferment system should reach President Franklin Roosevelt’s desk for a signature of approval or veto. Discussion: WW2 Conscription Exemptions (too old to reply) Don Phillipson 2005-07-25 16:27:51 UTC. By war’s end some 35 million men had registered and 10 million were drafted. Memorandum Deputy Director Selective Service to State Selective Service Directors, March 15, 1941. “Deferring of Married Men in Draft Is Written Into Allowances Bill.” The New York Times, June 13, 1942, p. 1. In 1940, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Selective Training and Service Act into law, creating America's first peacetime draft and establishing the Selective Service as an independent federal agency. Expecting around a million enlistees but receiving only 73,000 volunteers for military service, Congress and President Woodrow Wilson realized other methods were required to call up a large military force. In September 1940, Congress, by wide margins in both It was also active in peace times between the latter two wars. Notes. Draft violations of the weekend’s arrests included failure to register, failure to report for induction, failure to report for physical examinations, failure to return questionnaires, failure to notify the Draft Board of change in address, and failure to carry proper classification or registration cards. Sole heads of households were not drafted. World War II Dead Buried in American Battle Monument Commission Cemeteries, Missing in Action, or Buried or Lost at Sea; D-Day. World War I draft card. This test would be repealed as a result of this new amendment. One should note that occupational exemption was rarely absolute. I one one man-gone now, sadly, so I can't ask-whose college career was Interrupted for Korea. The registered individuals in each district were then checked by their local draft board for eligibility (the choicest being “I-A”), with allowances made for physical disabilities (IV-F), education, work in important war industries (II-A), men who were the primary support for children not their own and certain other dependents (III-A) or conscientious objectors (who were usually redirected to noncombatant roles, … It was also active in peace times … This collection is part of National Archives Record Group 147, Records of the Selective Service System, 1940-. Juast as it had been in World War II, this was a major step in the Cold War effort to stop Soviet expanionism. Lower left corner to be removed by men of African ancestry in order to keep the military segregated .