Demonstrations broke out on the night of 21 February 1954 with various halls of the University of Dhaka raising black flags in mourning. Urdu poet apologises for ‘offensive’ remarks on Punjabi language. [2], While the use of Urdu grew common with Muslims in northern India, the Muslims of Bengal (a province in the eastern part of British Indian sub-continent) primarily used the Bengali language. Proponents of Urdu such as Maulvi Abdul Haq condemned any proposal to grant official status to Bengali. It is a date that was inked in history by bloodshed and sacrifice for the love of the language in a one-of-a-kind movement in then East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). [3][9], The Language Movement had a major cultural impact on Bengali society. “Bhasha Andolon (Bangladesh Language Movement 1948-1952) Part 1 - Bangla History, Urdu History - History Of Bangladesh.” Londoni. Urdu became associated with Pakistan, where it was declared the national language much to the agony of Bengali Muslims of its eastern wing. Political leaders such as Shamsul Huq, Shawkat Ali, M Sirajul Islam, Kazi Golam Mahboob, Oli Ahad, Abdul Wahed and others were arrested during the rallies. Ekushey Padak, one of the highest civilian awards in Bangladesh, is awarded annually in memory of the sacrifices of the movement. [43], Following the return of the United Front to power, the anniversary on 21 February 1956 was observed for the first time in a peaceful atmosphere. Hindi-Urdu controversy also cracked the unity between … Following the independence of Pakistan, Abul Kashem, Professor of Physics at the University of Dhaka in Dhaka, the capital of East Pakistan, organized the first meeting of Tamaddun Majilish. [29] Police fired on a major janaza, or mourning rally, as it was passing through Nawabpur Road. The police responded by arresting, injuring, and shooting students, citing violations of Section 144. Later, a memorial called Shaheed Minar (Martyr’s Memorial) was constructed in memory of the demonstrations and those who died. Pakistan is adopting Urdu as its official language, but with many people not speaking it, the move is proving divisive, as the BBC's Ilyas Khan reports. Nazimuddin assumed the position of Prime Minister.yet made no effort to make Bengali a national language. The Language Committee planned a large strike and protests in Dhaka for 21 February 1952 in East Pakistan. [28] This motion was supported by some treasury bench members including Maulana Abdur Rashid Tarkabagish, Shorfuddin Ahmed, Shamsuddin Ahmed Khondokar and Mosihuddin Ahmed. Governor-General Muhammad Ali Jinnah, died in 1948, and in 1951 Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan was assassinated. Literature and speeches advocating resistance, 003. Language Controversy before Partition of the Sub-Continent Roots of language controversy can be traced back to the support of the non- Bengali leaders of All-India Muslim League (AIML), who wanted to make Urdu as the ‘Lingua Franca’ of Pakistan. The West Pakistani leaders demanded that only Urdu be used on stamps, currency, and in the media. A Brief History of the Bangla Language Movement. This prompted officers and clerks from different organisations, including colleges, banks and the radio station, to boycott offices and join the procession. Notable artistic depictions include the poems Bornomala, Amar Dukhini Bornomala and February 1969 by Shamsur Rahman, the film Jibon Theke Neya by Zahir Raihan, the stage play Kobor by Munier Chowdhury and the novels Ekushey February by Raihan and Artonaad by Shawkat Osman.[49]. India was considered to be a golden sparrow in terms of its fertile land and man power. The Urdu-Bengali controversy was reignited when Jinnah's successor, governor-general Khawaja Nazimuddin, staunchly defended the "Urdu-only" policy in a speech on 27 January 1952. By a quarter past eleven, students gathered at the university gate and attempted to break the police line. On 8 April 1948, Khawaja Nasimuddin, who had signed the eight-point agreement with the Language Committee,  moved a  resolution in the East Bengal Legislative Assembly stating that Bengali would become the official language of East Pakistan, and would be the primary language of education. Urdu to Bengali translation service by ImTranslator will assist you in getting an instant translation of words, phrases and texts from Urdu to Bengali and other languages. [33] [34] [35] Some linguists have suggested that the earliest forms of Urdu evolved from the medieval (6th to 13th century) Apabhraṃśa register of the preceding Shauraseni language, a Middle Indo-Aryan language that is also the ancestor of other modern Indo-Aryan languages. Lately, Urdu was considered as the language of the Muslim elite of the dying Mughal Empire. At the Conference, many officials from West Pakistan advocated for a resolution to make Urdu the only national language of Pakistan. [31] Inaugurated by the father of the slain activist Sofiur Rahman, the monument was destroyed on 26 February by police. [9] In November 1947, a key resolution at a national education summit in Karachi advocated Urdu and English as the sole state languages. [39], Political tensions came to a head as elections to the provincial assembly of East Bengal were held in 1954. The resolution quelled protests and demonstrations in East Pakistan, yet little was accomplished through this resolution, and the government’s stance on accepting Bengali as an official language of East Pakistan soon dwindled. Two years later, on 21 February 1956, the National Assembly of Pakistan declared both Urdu and Bengali the official state languages of Pakistan. English and Urdu should be declared official languages. Here you can check all definitions and meanings of Controversy. We would not have lost East Pakistan had we realized the formula of 3 official languages English. Supporters of Bengali opposed Urdu even before the partition of India, when delegates from Bengal rejected the idea of making Urdu the lingua franca of Muslim India in the 1937 Lucknow session of the Muslim League. The Urdu-Bengali controversy was reignited when Jinnah's successor, governor-general Khawaja Nazimuddin, staunchly defended the "Urdu-only" policy in a speech on 27 January 1952. The students of the University of Dhaka and other political activists defied the law and organised a protest on 21 February 1952. Subsequently, Bengali was given co-official status in the three Bengali-majority districts of Assam. [9] Most stood by the "Urdu only" policy because they believed that only a single language, one that was not indigenous to Pakistan, should serve as the national language. In Ostpakistan, jetzt Bangladesch, war Urdu die Amtssprache neben Bengali. Shortly after the Bengali Language Movement of 1952, Urdu culture decreased significantly with many Urdu-speaking families switching to speaking Bengali to avoid controversy. Pakistaner Rashtra Bhasha: Bangla Na Urdu? Students from Dhaka rallied under the leadership of Abul Kashem, the secretary of Tamaddun Majlish, a Bengali Islamic cultural organisation. The Urdu-Bengali controversy was reignited when Jinnah's successor, governor-general Khawaja Nazimuddin, staunchly defended the "Urdu-only" policy in a speech on 27 January 1952. When a group of students sought to storm into the building, police opened fire and killed a number of students, including Abdus Salam, Rafiq Uddin Ahmed, Sofiur Rahman, Abul Barkat and Abdul Jabbar. It will be no problem for a Bengali to communicate in Hindi staying in India . This decision was followed by a major wave of unrest as other ethnic groups sought recognition of other regional languages. [8] However, West Pakistani politicians such as Fazlur Rahman aggravated sectional tensions by declaring that anyone who wanted Bengali to become an official language would be considered an "enemy of the state". Use the Add a language feature to download and install another language for Windows 10 so you can view menus, dialog boxes, and supported apps and websites in that language. Students organized protests and demonstrations in Dhaka that spread public awareness and promoted support for the protection of Bengali. The only difference is Hindi has more words from Sanskrit whereas Urdu has words from Arabic and Persian language . The ruling elite has ostensibly supported Urdu because of its integrative value as a symbol of Pakistani, as opposed to ethnic, iden-tity. [33] A protest followed on 29 February whose participants faced severe police beating. Chapter 2: The Hindi and Urdu Controversy: A Linguistic Assessment As shown in the figure 2.1, Urdu numerically ranks 6"" among the eighth scheduled languages of India. Bengali is an Eastern Indo-Aryan language that arose from the eastern Middle Indic languages around 1000 CE[6] and developed considerably during the Bengal Renaissance. [40] The United Front again formed the ministry on 6 June 1955 after the governor's regime ended. At the protests of 26 February 1948, 11 March 1948 police responded to the crowd of protesters with baton-charging and spraying tear gas. Mainly due to regional economic imbalances sectional divisions grew, and support for the Bengali ethnic nationalist Awami League,[20] which invoked the 6-point movement for greater provincial autonomy. [38] The rejection of the "Urdu-only" policy was seen as a contravention of the Perso-Arabic culture of Muslims and the founding ideology of Pakistan, the two-nation theory. From the mid-19th century, the Urdu language had been promoted as the lingua franca of Indian Muslims by political and religious leaders, such as Sir Khwaja Salimullah, Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Nawab Viqar-ul-Mulk and Maulvi Abdul Haq. A prominent feature of the new curriculum is stress on the development of Urdu and Bengali languages which ultimately will replace English-medium instruction up to the highest standard. Make no mistake about it. [7], After the partition of India in 1947, Bengali-speaking people in East Bengal, the non-contiguous eastern part of the Dominion of Pakistan, made up 44 million of the newly formed Dominion of Pakistan's 69 million people. [51] Ekushey Television, the first private terrestrial TV channel of Bangladesh was named after the Event of 21 February. He later called a meeting of a state language committee of action, and overruled the contract that was signed by Khawaja Nazimuddin with the student leaders. The Chief Minister of East Pakistan, West Pakistani leaders, and the Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan opposed the motion. The deaths provoked widespread civil unrest. The plethora of pro-Pakistani Bengali literature that had promptly emerged in 1940s was heavily laden with Arabic, Persian, and Urdu jargon in an effort to Islamise the Bengali language. English-Urdu controversy in Pakistan with a view to determining the political aspects of this controversy. Other books, especially by supporters of Urdu, invoke simplistic conspiracy theories for explaining the opposition to Urdu. Cultural, linguistic, and ethnic differences were also present between East and West Pakistan. @M. Emad "Pakistan suffered in 1971 mainly due to not recognize Bengali as a national language alongside Urdu in the early '50s." Pakistan is an ideologically inspired state and Urdu was a part of this ideology. Pakistan and India became independent from British rule in August of 1947. [8] Datta's proposal was supported by legislators Prem Hari Burman, Bhupendra Kumar Datta and Sris Chandra Chattaopadhyaya of East Bengal, as well as the people from the region. [17] In an attempt to prevent the demonstration, the government imposed Section 144 in Dhaka, thereby banning any gathering. The campaign ended by 23 February 1952, and after a span of two years and one month, the Constituent Assembly voted on 7 May 1954 in support of Bengali as one of the official languages of Pakistan. Bengali is an Eastern Indo-Aryan language that arose from the eastern Middle Indic languages around 1000 CE and developed considerably during the Bengal Renaissance. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance, 122. Urdu became associated with Pakistan, where it was declared the national language much to the agony of Bengali Muslims of its eastern wing. [8][15], Students of the University of Dhaka and other colleges of the city organised a general strike on 11 March 1948 to protest the omission of Bengali language from official use, including coins, stamps and recruitment tests for the navy. [12] Public outrage spread, and many Bengali students met on the University of Dhaka campus on 8 December 1947 to formally demand that Bengali be made an official language. Two years later, the National Assembly of Pakistan declared both Urdu and Bengali the official state languages of Pakistan. Work on a larger monument designed by the architect Hamidur Rahman began in 1957 with the support of the United Front ministry, and approved by a planning committee chaired by University of Dhaka Vice-Chancellor Mahmud Husain and College of Fine Arts principal Zainul Abedin. Assembly member Dhirendranath Datta proposed legislation in the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan to allow members to speak in Bengali and authorise its use for official purposes. In response to the recommendation of the committee, the representatives of different political and cultural organizations of East Pakistan met as the All Party Language Committee on 31 January 1952, under the leadership of Kazi Ghulam Mahboob and Maulana Bhashani. Many scholars from East Pakistan argued that Bengali had a long and distinguished history that matched that of Urdu. A group of students marching towards the chief minister Khawaja Nazimuddin's house was stopped in front of the Dhaka High Court. On 31 January, the Shorbodolio Kendrio Rashtrobhasha Kormi Porishod (All-Party Central Language Action Committee) was formed in a meeting at the Bar Library Hall of the University of Dhaka, chaired by Maulana … The current nations, Pakistan and Bangladesh, were part of an undivided India during the British colonial rule. Police responded to the crowd of protesters with tear gas and baton-charges, arresting 50 students and arresting some of the demonstration leaders. Jinnah delivered a similar speech at Curzon Hall of the University of Dhaka on 24 March. [18] On 31 January, the Shorbodolio Kendrio Rashtrobhasha Kormi Porishod (All-Party Central Language Action Committee) was formed in a meeting at the Bar Library Hall of the University of Dhaka, chaired by … The Urdu-Bengali controversy was reignited when Jinnah's successor, governor-general Khawaja Nazimuddin, staunchly defended the "Urdu-only" policy in a speech on 27 January 1952. [8] The Dominion of Pakistan's government, civil services, and military, however, were dominated by personnel from the western wing of the Dominion of Pakistan. আইন ভেঙে পেটাবো, হাসপাতালের বেড খালি পাওয়া যাবে না, নজিরবিহীন হুঁশিয়ারি দিলীপের| BJP state secretary dilip ghosh again deliver controversial statement in gangarampur [40] A meeting of parliament's Muslim League members, chaired by prime minister Muhammad Ali Bogra, resolved to give official recognition to Bengali. Urdu-Hindi Controversy (1867) Home. The Mughal court promoted the language and it was owned by the Muslims of India as their own. Language movements have even led to some violent riots as in the case of Bengali language movement in Dhaka (1952), Sindhi language movement … [52], Moder Gorob, a commemorative sculpture at Bangla Academy, Dhaka, International Mother Language Day Monument in Ashfield Park, Sydney, The Shaheed Minar replica in Altab Ali Park, London, Movement to make Bengali a state language, This article is about the movement in Bangladesh. Anon. The police and paramilitary forces injured hundreds and arrested thousands of protesters. This case chose certain names to refer to the language, regions, and peoples involved. They called for the abolishment of Bengali as a medium of education, and the Pakistan Public Service Commision banned Bengali from the list of approved subjects of education. On 8 December 1947, a large number of students met at the University of Dhaka in East Pakistan and demanded that the government recognize Bengali as an official language. "[9], The Shorbodolio Kendrio Rashtrobhasha Kormi Porishod, with support from the Awami Muslim League, decided to commemorate 21 February as Shohid Dibosh . If two languages are almost interchangeable in script and in grammar. Dhirendrana Datta, a representative from the East Pakistan Congress Party, requested a motion to include Bengali at the Assembly. [8] Prime minister Liaquat Ali Khan and the Muslim League denounced the proposal as an attempt to divide the Pakistani people, thus the legislation was defeated. At the protest, activists formed the All Party State Language Committee and planned another protest for 11 March 1948. [8][27] As the news of the killings spread, disorder erupted across the city. On 11 March, thousands of people came to Dhaka to protest, and the police again responded with baton-charges and tear gas. Students at Dhaka University also met to discuss Section 144 and decided to continue. I cant tell about urdu because i am not familiar with it , But in case of hindi i think most of young generation in bangladesh understand hindi very well . India was considered to be a golden sparrow in terms of its fertile land and man power. That’s why lots of invaders came to occupy it for different purposes. [17] More than 30,000 people congregated at Curzon Hall in Dhaka. To do this: Select the Start button, and then select Settings > Time & Language > Language. Shops, offices and public transport were shut down and a general strike began. The most well-known of these events was the 1952 protest in Pakistan, in which a number of protesters were killed. However it should be noted that there are more than one way to reference these aspects. Specifically the following sugges- tions are made: 1. The shooting killed several people including activist Sofiur Rahman and a nine-year-old boy named Ohiullah. Is Urdu a separate language in its own right or just another name of Hindustani / Hindi language with a Persian script is yet to be proven. Pakistan was geographically separated into East Pakistan (modern day Bangladesh) and West Pakistan (modern day Pakistan). Pakistanis demand that their government recognize Bengali as an official language, 1947-1952, 120. Because only 7 percent of the Pakistani population spoke Urdu, and 56 percent spoke Bengali, students, intellectuals, many political representatives, and many East Pakistani citizens declared that it deserved to be an official language of Pakistan along with Urdu. Free Essays on The Urdu Hindi Controversy . The Provincial Assembly was holding a meeting and six legislators recommended that Prime Minister Nurul Amin adjourn the session, but he refused, and some of the Assembly members walked out. Urdu wird auch in Afghanistan in Gedichten verwendet und in afghanischen Schulen als Fremdsprache unterrichtet. The Hindi-Urdu controversy arose in 1867 when the British government prepared to accept the demand of the Hindu communities of the United Provinces (now Uttar Pradesh) and Bihar to change the Perso-Arabic script of the official language to Devanagari and adopt Hindi as the second official language on demand of Hindu activists. [33] [34] [35] Some linguists have suggested that the earliest forms of Urdu evolved from the medieval (6th to 13th century) Apabhraṃśa register of the preceding Shauraseni language, a Middle Indo-Aryan language that is also the ancestor of other modern Indo-Aryan languages. Victory finally came on 7 May 1954, when the Constituent Assembly voted in support of Bengali as one of the official languages of Pakistan. In 1948, the Government of the Dominion of Pakistan ordained Urdu as the sole national language, sparking extensive protests among the Bengali-speaking majority of East Bengal. The Hindi-Urdu controversy by its very bitterness demonstrates how little the objective similarities between language groups matter when people attach subjective significance to their languages. Protest slowed and stopped after 23 February 1952. Ekushe February, or the 21st of February, isn’t just any other date for someone whose mother tongue is Bangla, or Bengali — whether in Bangladesh or in West Bengal. The plethora of pro-Pakistani Bengali literature that had promptly emerged in 1940s was heavily laden with Arabic, Persian, and Urdu jargon in an effort to Islamise the Bengali language. Pakistan (known as West Pakistan 1947-1971) and Bangladesh (known as East Pakistan 1947-1971), Most of the actions and protests occurred in Dhaka, the capital of East Pakistan (modern day Bangladesh). 2014. Urdu to Bengali Translation provides the most convenient access to online translation service powered by … The Urdu-Bengali controversy was reignited when Jinnah's successor, governor-general Khawaja Nazimuddin, staunchly defended the "Urdu-only" policy in a speech on 27 January 1952. First of all Bengali is not a language it is the name of Our culture . So Urdu must be a dialect or at most a derivative of the Punjabi (in … [28] However, Nurul Amin refused the requests. Don't blame Urdu for that. [41] Bengali was adopted as an official language of Pakistan along with Urdu in the article 214(1) when the first constitution of Pakistan was enacted on 29 February 1956. punjabi bengali all are different than hindi-urdu. In response to the exclusion of Bengali in the Constituent Assembly, students, citizens, and intellectuals gathered to protest at Dhaka University on 26 February 1948. 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