Although elemental platinum is generally unreactive, it dissolves in hot aqua regia to give aqueous chloroplatinic acid (H2PtCl6):[16], As a soft acid, platinum has a great affinity for sulfur, such as on dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); numerous DMSO complexes have been reported and care should be taken in the choice of reaction solvent. The most common oxidation states of platinum are +2 and +4. Correspondingly, platinum is found in slightly higher abundances at sites of bolide impact on Earth that are associated with resulting post-impact volcanism, and can be mined economically; the Sudbury Basin is one such example. Copper, ruthenium, iridium, rhodium, palladium and cobalt are the most popular base metals used in platinum alloys. Henrik Scheffer, a Swedish chemist, discovered how to melt platinum with arsenic. What You Should Know About Metallurgical Coal, With rhodium, used to make high-temperature thermocouples, To make optically pure, flat glass for TVs, LCDs, and monitors, To make threads of glass for fiber optics, In alloys used to form the tips of automotive and aeronautic spark plugs, As a substitute for gold in electronic connections, In coatings for ceramic capacitors in electronic devices, In high-temperature alloys for jet fuel nozzles and missile nose cones. Smaller reserves can be found in the United States,[27] for example in the Absaroka Range in Montana. [46][47], The metal was used by pre-Columbian Americans near modern-day Esmeraldas, Ecuador to produce artifacts of a white gold-platinum alloy. [52], Platinum, along with the rest of the platinum-group metals, is obtained commercially as a by-product from nickel and copper mining and processing. [24], In 1865, chromites were identified in the Bushveld region of South Africa, followed by the discovery of platinum in 1906. 2019.10.15 Since its launch in 2007, the "Preppy" fountain pen series has grown in popularity among a wide range of age groups around the world "PREFOUNTE" a new brand for adults that boasts a sense of high quality while retaining the basic functions of Preppy fountain pen. [68][69] In addition to laboratory uses, Platinum Resistance Thermometry (PRT) also has many industrial applications, industrial standards include ASTM E1137 and IEC 60751. Jewellery trade publications advise jewellers to present minute surface scratches (which they term patina) as a desirable feature in attempt to enhance value of platinum products. Platinum jewelry is made from very pure platinum. Platinum is a chemical element with the symbol Pt and atomic number 78. For example, a small box from burial of Shepenupet II was found to be decorated with gold-platinum hieroglyphics. The frame of the Crown of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, manufactured for her coronation as Consort of King George VI, is made of platinum. [56], In 1786, Charles III of Spain provided a library and laboratory to Pierre-François Chabaneau to aid in his research of platinum. In the 18th century, platinum's rarity made King Louis XV of France declare it the only metal fit for a king. Platinum is used in catalytic converters, laboratory equipment, electrical contacts and electrodes, platinum resistance thermometers, dentistry equipment, and jewelry. As compared to gold, platinum falls between the 18-karat and 24-karat range, with 18 karat being approximately 75% pure and 24 karat being the purest. Chabaneau succeeded in removing various impurities from the ore, including gold, mercury, lead, copper, and iron. The price of the band is not made only from the price of the material. The mine ceased operations in 1990. More platinum is needed to make a ring though, causing the price to be 40-50% more. Ammonium chloroplatinate can be converted to platinum by heating. Platinum is rare, with few noteworthy occurrences. Platinum is also used in small amounts in alloys. We also publish our scrap gold prices and our scrap silver prices. Potassium hexachloroplatinate is similarly insoluble, and hexachloroplatinic acid has been used in the determination of potassium ions by gravimetry. Crucibles made of platinum are used by labs to contain high-temperature chemical reactions. [48] To work the metal, they would combine gold and platinum powders by sintering. [9] Platinum is more ductile than gold, silver or copper, thus being the most ductile of pure metals, but it is less malleable than gold. Catalytic converters reduce harmful chemicals from exhaust emissions by initiating reactions that turn over 90% of hydrocarbons (carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen) into other, less harmful, compounds. It is one of the most powerful Stands featured in the series. They referred to the metal as Platina—a version of Plata, the Spanish word for silver—or Platina del Pinto because of its discovery in the sands along the banks of the Pinto river in modern-day Columbia. More information form here. In South Africa's Bushveld complex and a limited number of other ore bodies, PGMs occur in sufficient quantities so as to make it economical to exclusively extract these metals; whereas, at Russia's Norilsk and Canada's Sudbury deposits platinum and other PGMs are extracted as by-products of nickel and copper. [52], Because the other platinum-family members were not discovered yet (platinum was the first in the list), Scheffer and Sickingen made the false assumption that due to its hardness—which is slightly more than for pure iron—platinum would be a relatively non-pliable material, even brittle at times, when in fact its ductility and malleability are close to that of gold. [70], Platinum is a precious metal commodity; its bullion has the ISO currency code of XPT. Endlessly reusable. For a metal whose annual global production is a mere 192 tons, platinum is found in, and critical to the production of, many everyday items. Top notes are Pineapple, Juniper Berries and Black Pepper; middle notes are Cashmeran, Geranium and Sage; base notes are Vanilla, Leather, Sandalwood and Patchouli. ✦ Being a ductile, malleable metal with silvery sheen, platinum is most commonly used in jewelry. Platinum metal has a number of useful properties, which explains its application in a wide range of industries. A good conductor of electricity, platinum is also malleable (able to be formed without breaking) and ductile (able to be deformed without losing strength) . The resistance wire in the thermometer is made of pure platinum (e.g. However, a well made ring, whether white gold or platinum should last for generations. Overview. 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